Question:
1860s census help please?
Yea
2013-01-26 00:15:32 UTC
I can't- for the life of me- find one of my great great grandparents from the 1860s. I can find him, I can't find his wife, I can't find any of his children. So, I have taken into consideration that they may have randomley went out of the Country or out to live the life of mountain men. But before I give up- I want to ask:

1. Were there certain areas where they census was not taken?
2. Was the census voluntarily taken, or mandatory?


My great great grandfather and his family lived in Indiana, Dayton area all their life- including the 1970s, so this is odd. Also, they weren't very wealthy.
Six answers:
Ashley
2013-01-26 01:04:30 UTC
It's possible that the census taker missed them somehow. That didn't happen often, but it definitely happened. If you think about it, it's actually pretty astonishing how many people DID get enumerated on the census. The vast majority of the population! I thought about this recently, when I ran across a census entry for a household that was entirely blank except for the address and a notation from the enumerator: "Flat out refused to answer." Of the millions of households in the U.S., it's kind of surprising you don't see that kind of thing more often!



However... I think it's more likely that your ancestors are really there, but just being sneaky little devils and hiding really well. It could be that their surname is so mutilated that it's been transcribed and indexed beyond recognition. Or the enumerator messed up and wrote the wrong surname for them (I've seen that quite a few times).



Have you tried scrolling through the enitre city or county where they should have been living? That's how I found one of my families. This was a census where only the head of household had his first and last name written, with the other family members surnames recorded as " ". All the other families were listed as Surname, FirstName... but mine was backwards: FirstName Surname. His first name was John, which was written so sloppily it looked like Jobin, so the whole family was indexed with the surname Jobin.



If you want to share your ancestor's name, some of our super census sleuths will take a look for you. Sometimes all you need is another pair of eyes!



EDIT: I responded to your message. Found them on the 1860 census :)
wendy c
2013-01-26 20:01:14 UTC
https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.1/MW86-PB4



the above is a TRANSCRIPTION...

https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-267-11038-172727-61?cc=1438024&wc=1587854



then they have the ORIGINAL IMAGE..

both are census...

with a transcription, it is always possible to have an error that someone copied. If you go to the original record..you see it yourself and might spot better info. In addition, transcriptions don't always include ALL the data that is on the original.

I use familysearch.org all the time, because it is free. It has the original images for 1850, 1870, 1900. For the other years, they don't have the full copy. They have summaries. You can use summaries to lead as clues to further info (like what county, maybe the birth places will show a prior residence or migration pattern. Ancestry.com has all full images, and if you go to a library, you often can access it there. I have to settle for at home sources.

People ARE MISSED on the census, for various reasons. MOST of the time..they are there, but you can miss them due to misspelling, lived in a county other than what you think.

I suggest you post the name ON THE BOARD. We have generous persons. Email is fine..but when all are able to see the NAME, then many times, you will get far more info than just the one you were expecting. We all use various sources.

You will keep learning as you go...and that is fine. Part of the game. You can't expect to understand it all, right out the door.

ps... I had an issue with one relative the other day, not being able to find him with the family. Eventually, did find him... a resident at Leavenworth prison. Still have not found the family but it led to what the heck he did to be there (forgery, bad boy). Census can tell a story, when you listen to it.
shortgilly
2013-01-26 18:19:56 UTC
I'm a little confused as to who is missing. After re-reading I'm thinking there's a missing 't after can and both 2GGPs are missing.



From my experience, the 1860 census was one of the most poorly taken and transcribed in U.S. history.



There are some areas where the census wasn't taken. These are "mostly uninhabited" places that were new to the union, and places that weren't states yet. In this case "inhabited" means by full American citizens. Some parts of the High Sierras in California might be one example (in the county my ancestors lived in 1860 was the first census taken there). Dayton, Indiana certainly would have been taken.



The census is mandatory, but there is little to no teeth in enforcing it. The mandate falls more to the census taker than the citizen. More, you didn't need to provide the information in order to end up in the census, so refusal did little good. The census takers would ask the questions of whoever was home (could even be a hired hand), a neighbor, or from personal knowledge in some cases. There might be occasions where the census taker got lazy, no one was home, the census taker assumed the house to be unoccupied, or a home was so remote that no census taker got out there.



Some things I've found about ancestors "missing" in the census in my own searches:



-A husband and wife were separated. She lived at home, he was in a boarding house hundreds of miles away. I had no reason to look for him there.



-The census was actually taken retrospectively. Meaning the census taker came after the census date, and asked about who was living there on the census date. Sometimes this leads to wrong answers. For examples, when people moved, were in hospital, or died near the census date sometimes they got recorded twice or not at all when they should have been.



-Using electronic search engines to locate an ancestor in the census:

The search engine is only as good as the data put in to the database being searched. From hand written records this requires transcription, allowing for human error. I've seen a name so badly butchered in a transcription you would never recognize it. Upon comparing the image and the transcription, I could see where the transcriber misread things, but the correct spelling was very clear. The only reason I found that particular one is because I was looking at the image page because another ancestor happened to live down the street.

The search engine is also only as good as the searcher. I've seen several occasions where researchers would stick to too strict guidelines. Spelling didn't count for much. Ages got messed up. A wife or mother in law might give wrong information. For example, if you're looking for John Smith born 1841 in Kentucky and you know he lived in Missouri for a while as a kid, you should also consider Jack Smythe born 1831 in Missouri as a possibility. Sometimes removing information from the search and looking at each return helps find the right one.

-Cannot confirm or deny this is the right ancestor....

Some of my ancestors went by their middle names, or got recorded by initials. Benjamin Frank Smith sometimes shows up as Benjamin, Frank, or B.F. Smith. Sometimes there isn't enough information to know if the record pertains to my ancestor or another B.F. Smith.



Some tricks:

If you know who else might have been in the house, like a child, look for them. Likewise, if the grandparents could have lived with a married daughter, look for their son in law.



If you know where your ancestor lived, get the images for the entire enumeration district or town and physically look at each image. This can be time consuming, but sometimes it's worth it. You could do this by microfilm, or ancestry.com allows you to move to images forward and back within collections.



Look at marriage records for your 2GGPs and their children. Were they already married in 1860? Were their kids married sometime between 1850 and 1870? This might help give you a place to start looking.



Post their names in a new question, some of us might take a crack at looking.
Maxi
2013-01-26 12:40:20 UTC
First of all are you looking at online transcriptions or images of/or hard copies of census returns? You need to look at more than a transcription..... it could be many reasons...ie they were recorded and the enumerator failed to transcribe it over to the census sheets, he guessed didn't go to the house and didn't write them down, or was told by a neighbour only about the male in the house.............





"The official enumeration day of the 1860 census was 1 June 1860. All questions asked were supposed to refer to that date. There were no substantial state- or district-wide losses.Enumerators of the 1860 census were instructed to record the names of every person in the household. " ........so IN THE HOUSEHOLD could mean the rest of the family are visiting elsewhere and on another households census or travelling so not on a census as they were not IN the house when i was taken., so it is a snapshot of that day.



ADD: you need to look at real records as transcriptions are 'transcribed' so humans transcribed them, so more errors are likely, no transcription is a record, just a clue about what 'might' be in the record, every single record needs to be checked if you find the info in a transcription, many online sites also offer you an image you need to look and save a copy of this as proof, which is why we always say when starting FH research start with you and the records you already have at home, as this teaches you not obly how to research but to get used to and in the habit of real records research.... if you can't find images online then th transcription should give you the record number which makes it easier to find the record, at the local FREE records office, LDS centre or evn going into your library and using commerical websites like ancestry.com which are free in there to use..



I suggest you add the name of the person you are looking for and any dates/places you know as many people on here will help you find that person and the image of the record too..



We all started 'new' at one time we all know how hard it can be when you are new this might help you http://familytimeline.webs.com/recordsinyourownhome.htm and gives you a list of records you already have at home, it might sound silly to you but it shouldn't take too long for you to start with you and those records you have at home already and ccheck and connect from yourself back up to 5 generations as this teaches you about basic research which really helps you later on when the people are not there to ask and you will hit less brick walls as you understand what connecting records there are..the basics of any FH is birth marriage and death records or baptism, marriage and buial records and they are civil and parish and one step at a time, ask away you will always find someone on here who will help you, but please check records as we as humans all make mistakes and errors and you want your family in your tree not just someone of the same name..........
Ellie Evans-Thyme
2013-01-26 19:07:41 UTC
Numerous reasons might account for why you can't find the 1860 U. S. Census records for your great, great grandparents. Here are some that I have run into both doing research on my own family tree as well as doing genealogical research for others:



---The census taker so misspelled your great, great grandparents' first or last names that the records might turn up under a different surname and/or given name. Census-takers in the 19th century often spelled phonetically and are infamous for their misspellings. For example, Henry might be "Enry".



---The census-taker might have used a nickname or a second given name.



---If your family immigrated from another country, your great, great grandfather's name might have an alternate spelling; for example, Henry might be spelled as "Henrich".



---Sometimes the wife's first name is spelled correctly while her husband's isn't, so look under your great, great grandmother's name as well as your great, great grandfather's name.



---Finally, your great, great grandfather could have died, and your great, great grandmother remarried.



In other words, you might have to enter a lot of different variations on your great, great grandfather and grandmother's name to come up with their actual 1860 Census entry.



Also, the family might have moved to another location within the state of Indiana or else to another state. Americans in the 19th-century moved around more than most amateur genealogists might expect them to move. For example, I've run across several instances where a family briefly moved to a state several states away--from Kentucky to Missouri and then back again, or else they have moved just across the state line and back again; for instance, from Louisiana to Texas to Louisiana.,



Currently, if an individual refuses to submit a U.S. Census entry, he or she may be fined up to $100.



P. S.--Ancestry.com has both the transcriptions and a reproduction of the original copy. If you don't have a subscription of Ancestry.com, check to see if your local library has a library edition of it on one of their databases. If you have a library card, you can access either Ancestry.com or Heritage Quest from most public libraries. Some libraries subscribe to Ancestry, but others subscribe to Heritage Quest.
Joyce B
2013-01-26 14:28:45 UTC
Who are you looking for? You will only get very general answers unless you provide names and dates. There are several researchers here who love the hunt and may just find something for you.


This content was originally posted on Y! Answers, a Q&A website that shut down in 2021.
Loading...